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In modifying a typical physiological laboratory protocol in measures of the resting membrane potential in relation to the concentration of extracellular potassium ions [K+]o, the additional effects of temperature were addressed. The effects of temperature on the membrane potential are not commonly addressed in experimental physiology and neurophysiology student laboratory exercises. In terms of presenting an authentic application of the experimental design various topics were discussed with the class. This workshop presents how this was addressed for a physiology or a neurophysiology laboratory course. Crayfish are used as models in empirically addressing the effects of temperature and [K+]o change as one topic and a second focus was on clinical therapies related to the use of varied temperatures in mammals. A third topic focused on a unified issue with all organisms in temperature changes with cellular metabolism. Experimentally the skeletal muscle of a crayfish serve as model to obtain data due to the robust nature of the preparation for student laboratories. Graphing membrane potential in relation to both [K+]o and temperature along with theoretical curves for the Nernst and Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (G-H-K) equations provides important distinctions and the relationship of temperature in these equations. Freely available online software is used in addressing the theoretical values one would expect for changing the variables in the G-H-K equation. Discussion of other factors impacted by temperature for biological membranes will also covered. A pre- and post-survey over general content and views on the activities will be discussed from running this activity with a group of 16 undergraduate students. This module is presented in a variety of ways to be readily modified depending on equipment available in the classroom and the academic level of students. The modules is designed to be used in a hybrid or remote format with data provided online with sample data sets as well as movies of the proceedures. The exercises can also be conducted by in class participants.

ABLE Poster

ABLE paper- draft

Movie to go with poster MP4

Resources: Papers and web links

OVERVIEW MOVIES: (Part 1) (Part 2) (Part 3) (Part 4) (Part 5) : {Part 3 & Part 4 as Windows Media, lower res )

Download to your computer then open.

SEE ON LINE MOVIE PUBLISHED: Baierlein, B., Thurow, A.L., Atwood, H.L. and Cooper, R.L. (2011) Membrane potentials, synaptic responses, neuronal circuitry, neuromodulation and muscle histology using the crayfish: Student laboratory exercises. Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE). Jove 47: http://www.jove.com/Details.php?ID=2322 doi: 10.3791/2325, [PDF of paper]

"good ref........here" see "paste it" note in PDF for [K]i inside crayfish axons

Nobel prize Na-K pump......Atwood and Parnas 1968...........Anatomy crayfish Abd.....Altering [Na+]o on neuron function ......glia and K................Developmental Consequences in flies low Ca......muscle fiber types-1....Na inside crayfish neurons.......muscle-fiber types-2................lipids.pdf.......K+ level inside crayfish muscle

.. Resting cell- excited.POWER POINT... Salt waterPOWER POINT......AP background POWERPOINT

Participants designing this content are :

Janki Naidugari, Dara Buendia Castillo, Mohammad Abou El-Ezz, Cameron Brown, Tom Calderaro, Cameron Evans, Trey Grant, Rachel Hazelett, Cassity High, Tessa Ilagan, Jack Klier, Nicole Marguerite, Felicia Marino, Shelby McCubbin, Nicholas Meredith, Blair Nethery, William Russell, Noah Sommers, Melody Danley and Robin L. Cooper - 675 Rose St, Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40506-0225 USA

Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden - Center for Muscle Biology, 900 South Limestone, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40536-0200 USA & Charles T. Wethington Jr. Building, 900 South Limestone, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40536-0200 USA

Rebecca Krall, Katherine Sharp, Jeffrey Chalfant and Mia Brown - Department of STEM Education, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. 40506-0225