Sabbatical at Seoul National Univ.

2006 go to www page

Three main current projects:

1. Social interaction among crayfish of same and difference species

2. Effects of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide on cardiac function and synaptic transmission

3. Regulation of Receptors for Neuromodulators

1. Social interaction among crayfish of same and different species

Cooper, R.L., McNabb, M. and Nadolski, J. (2019) The effects of a bacterial endotoxin LPS on synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction. Heliyon- Elsevier, 5 (2019) e01430 https://www.heliyon.com/article/e01430

Anyagaligbo, O., Bernard, J., Greenhalgh, A. and Cooper, R.L. (2019) The effects of  bacterial endotoxin ( LPS ) on cardiac function in a medicinal blow fly (Phaenicia sericata) and a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology- Part C 217:15-24. 5 year impact factor 2.819. [PDF]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532045618302424 McNabb, M.C.,

Saelinger, C.M., Danley, M. and Cooper, R.L. (2019). The effects of bacterial endotoxin (LPS) on synaptic transmission at neuromuscular junction in an amphibian. International Journal of Zoological Research 15(2):38-42. https://scialert.net/current.php?issn=1811-9778 [PDF]

Saelinger, C.M., McNabb, M.C., McNair, R., Bierbower, S. and Cooper, R.L. (2019) Effects of bacterial endotoxin (LPS) on the cardiac function, neuromuscular transmission and sensory-CNS-motor nerve circuit: A crustacean model Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A. 237:110557. 5 year impact factor 2.173 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1095643319303216 [ PDF ] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110557

Ballinger-Boone, C., Anyagaligbo, O., Bernard, J., Bierbower, S.M., Dupont-Versteegden, E.E., Ghoweri, A., Greenhalgh, A., Harrison, D., Istas, O., McNabb, M., Saelinger, C., Stanback, A., Stanback, M., Thibault, O., and Cooper, R.L. (2020) The effects of bacterial endotoxin (LPS) on cardiac and synaptic function in various animal models: Larval Drosophila, crayfish, crab, and rodent. International Journal of Zoological Research 16: 33-62. doi: 10.3923/ijzr.2020.33.62https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijzr.2020.33.62...[PDF]

Istas, O., Greenhalgh, A. and  Cooper, R.L. (2020) Repetitive exposure to bacterial endotoxin LPS alters synaptic transmission. Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 15: 65-72. DOI: 10.3923/jpt.2020.65.72http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/academicjournals/jpt/2020/65-72.pdf
https://scialert.net/current.php?issn=1816-496x [PDF]

Bernard, J.,  Marguerite, N., Inks, M. and Cooper, R.L. (2020) Opposing responses of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TRPA1 thermal receptors on synaptic transmission and resting membrane potential. Current Research in Bacteriology 13 (1):10-21. DOI: 10.3923/crb.2020.10.21 http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/ansinet/crb/2020/10-21.pdf

3. Regulation of Receptors for Neuromodulator

Serotonin (5-HT) levels in the hemolymph of crustaceans is implied to alter aggressiveness which impacts social interactions. The activation of IP3 as a second messenger cascade within crayfish motor neurons in response to application of 5-HT, suggests that the 5-HT receptor subtypes on the motor neurons are analogous to the vertebrate 5-HT2A receptors. Based on evidence in other systems, it would be expected that chronically sustained 5-HT levels of aggressive individuals would result in a compensatory negative feed-back regulation and/or that target tissues would diminish their sensitivity to high levels of circulating, free 5-HT. We addressed the issue of up- and down-regulation in the sensitivity of the responsiveness to exogenously applied 5-HT at the NMJs of crayfish in which the animals have altered endogenous 5-HT levels. Injections of the 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 vertebrate receptor agonist, m-CPP, for 1 week resulted in a decreased responsiveness to application of 5-HT. The compound p-CPA blocks the enzymatic synthesis of 5-HT and following 7days of p-CPA injections, a super-sensitivity to exogenous application of 5-HT for both tonic and phasic NMJs was observed. However, acute applications of p-CPA and m-CPP, followed by extensive saline washing, did not reveal any altered receptivity to 5-HT application.

It is well established that receptors undergo up- and down-regulation via alteration of their expression levels and/or densities on cell surfaces (Azaryan et al., 1998). Altered cellular activity as well as the action of agonists or antagonists being bound to a receptor can induce regulation in the levels of functional receptors (Kokay and Mercer, 1997; Welner et al., 1989; Fone et al., 1998). For example it has been shown that 5-HT1A receptors will demonstrate desensitization when either an agonist or antagonist is present (Hensler and Truett, 1998). Even naturally induced down regulation of 5-HT2c receptors can be induced as a result of exercise (Broocks et al., 1999). The 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor agonist 1-(3- Chlorophenyl) piperazine dihydrochloride (m-CPP) has been observed in rats to down regulate receptor numbers (Fone, et al., 1998). The precise mechanism of action in regulation of the 5-HT receptors has not yet been elucidated.

The purpose of this project is to address the issue of up- and down-regulation of the sensitivity of responsiveness to exogenously applied 5-HT at the neuromuscular junctions of crayfish which have reduced endogenous 5-HT levels (enzymatic inhibition of the synthesis of 5-HT) or have chronic presence of an agonist in their hemolymph. Reduction of systemic levels of 5-HT in the crayfish is likely to result in up-regulation of 5-HT receptors since these animals normally contain 5-HT in their hemolymph (open circulatory system). In contrast, chronic high levels of the 5-HT agonist m-CPP, would likely result in a down-regulation of the 5-HT receptors so that exogenous application of 5-HT would show reduced responsiveness as compared to sham injected animals. In preliminary studies, we have demonstrated alterations in the sensitivity to exogenous application of 5-HT at the crayfish neuromuscular junction after altering levels of the endogenous production of 5-HT and exposure to a 5-HT agonist. Future work will be focused at identifying the types of 5-HT receptors present that the crayfish NMJ and the mechanisms behind the physiological responses that we have observed in sensitivity to 5-HT. (Recent progress was presented at the SICB meeting in Chicago, IL in January 2001 & up-dates will be presented at this year's Neuroscience Meeting.

Multiple research disciplines are being examined separately but they are all interrelated and focus on the issue of synaptic function. With the successful outcome of findings over the last 4 years I believe this approach will continue to bear fruit.

References:

Azaryan, A.V., Clock, B.J., Rosenberger, J.G., and Cox, B.M. (1998) Transient upregulation of mu opioid receptor mRNA levels in nucleus accumbens during chronic cocaine administration. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.76:278-283.

Broocks, A., Meyer, T., George, A., Hillmer, Vogel, U., Meyer, D., Bandelow, B., Hajak, G., Bartmann, U., Gleiter, C.H., and Ruther, E. (1998) Decreased neuroendocrine responses to meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) but normal responses to ipsapirone in marathon runners. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 76:278-283.

Dixon, D. and Atwood, H.L. (1989) Conjoint action of phosphoinositol and adenylate cyclase systems in serotonin-induced facilitation at the crayfish neuromuscular junction. J. Neurophysiol. 62, 1251-1259.

Fone, K.C., Austin, R.H., Topham, I.A., Kennett, G.A., Punhani,T. (1998) Effect of chronic m-CPP on locomotion, hypophagia, plasma corticosterone and 5-HT2C receptor levels in the rat. British J. Pharmacol.123:1707-1715.

Hensler, J.G. and Truett, K.A. (1998) Effect of chronic serotonin2 receptor agonist or antagonist administration on serotonin 1A receptor sensitivity. Neuropsychopharmacology 19:354-64

Kokay, I.C. and Mercer, A.R. (1997) Age-related changes in dopamine receptor densities in the brain of the honey bee, Apis mellifera. J. Comp. Biochem.181:415-423.

Welner, S.A., De Montigny, C., Desroches, J., Dejardins, P., and Suranyi-Cadotte, B.E. (1989) Autoradiographic quantification of serotonin 1A receptors in rat brain following antidepressant drug treatment. Synapse 4:347-352.